Wednesday, June 18, 2014

The World's Most Orphaned Nation

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"... The World's Most Orphaned Nation" by Joseph Cardinal Mindszenty, 111 pages

Joseph Mindszenty was ordained a priest in 1915.  He was briefly imprisoned during the Hungarian revolutions that followed the defeat of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the First World War.  He was ordained Bishop of Veszprem in 1944, only to be imprisoned after a German-backed coup brought the fascist Arrow Cross party to power that same year.  After the end of the Second World War, he became Archbishop of Esztergom and Primate of Hungary, and was named a Cardinal by Pope Pius XII.  In 1948 he was arrested by the Soviet-backed communist government, and tortured into confessing to a litany of crimes including conspiring with the US to start a third World War and plotting to crown Otto von Habsburg as King of Hungary.  When the puppet government lost power in 1956, Cardinal Mindszenty was freed, but during the Soviet invasion and occupation which followed he was forced to take refuge in the American embassy in Budapest.  For 15 years he was unable to set foot outside the embassy, lest he be arrested by the waiting secret police.

In 1962, this book was published by an American relative of the Cardinal, collecting selections from his speeches, sermons, and writings.  There are some quite powerful passages, such as the account of his ordination of ten priests in a fascist prison in 1944 - Mindszenty relates that the candidates had to share a single candle, a single surplice, and a single cassock, but each had his own assigned prison guard.  It is interesting to hear voices raised against the deportation of Jews in 1944 also oppose the deportation of ethnic Germans in 1946.  Unfortunately there is little in the way of introduction for the individual pieces that make up this patchwork book, so that it is difficult to tell when and under what circumstances a sermon was given or a pastoral letter issued, which rather dulls their effect overall.

Great reading for anyone interested in the aftermath of World War II, resistance to tyranny, or human rights in general.

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